India News

What are Kidney Cancer Treatments?

Renal cell carcinoma treatment varies from patient to patient, and there are many limitations in treatment of advanced kidney cancer, caused by spread of cancer or symptoms of late stage cancer.

For example, my father could not have surgery because his inferior caval vein is surrounded by cancer cells, surgery can be very risky, or patients cannot fight the side-effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or targeted therapy by their poor general health state.

The best approach for you may depend on a number of factors, including your general health, the kind of kidney cancer you have, whether the cancer has spread and your own preferences for treatment.Before starting treatment, patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.

A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.


1.Chemotherapy:Chemotherapy may be useful in treating transitional cell cancer that has spread or that recurs. Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill quickly growing cells, such as cancer cells.

2.Radiation therapy:It has been called the most significant breakthrough in radiation treatments in the past 30 years. IMRT can treat difficult-to-reach tumors with new levels of accuracy such as tumors in the spine, head, neck, prostate, lung, liver, and brain.

3.Surgery:The surgeon uses an instrument that is a bit like a telescope. This is called a laparoscope. It has a camera so the surgeon can see inside the body. The surgeon will usually make a number of small cuts through your skin. They can put the laparoscope and other small instruments through these to carry out the surgery.

Home pregnancy tests available at a drug store can indicate pregnancy early after conception. Terminations performed in this very early time frame have sometimes been termed menstrual extractions.

Abortions performed prior to nine weeks from the last menstrual period (seven weeks from conception) are performed either surgically (a procedure) or medically (with drugs).From nine weeks until 14 weeks, an abortion is performed by a dilatation and suction curettage procedure. After 14 weeks, surgical abortions are performed by a dilatation and evacuation procedure.After 20 weeks of gestation, abortions can be performed by labor induction, prostaglandin labor induction, saline infusion, hysterotomy, or dilatation and extraction.

Types Of Abortions:

1.Threatened abortion: Bloody vaginal discharge occurs during the first half of pregnancy. Approximately 20% of pregnant women have vaginal spotting or actual bleeding early in pregnancy; of these, about 50% abort.
2.Inevitable abortion: Membranes rupture and the cervix dilates. As labor continues, the uterus expels the products of conception.
3.Incomplete abortion: Uterus retains part or all of the placenta. Before the 10th week of gestation, the fetus and placenta usually are expelled together; after the 10th week, separately. Because part of the placenta may adhere to the uterine wall, bleeding continues. Hemorrhage is possible because the uterus doesn’t contract and seal the large vessels that fed the placenta.
4.Complete abortion: Uterus passes all the products of conception. Minimal bleeding usually accompanies complete abortion because the uterus contracts and compresses maternal blood vessels that fed the placenta.
5.Missed abortion: Uterus retains the products of conception for 2 months or more after the death of the fetus. Uterine growth ceases; uterine size may even seem to de­crease. Prolonged retention of the dead products of conception may cause coagulation defects, such as disseminated intra vascular coagulation.
6.Habitual abortion: Spontaneous loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies constitutes habitual abortion.
7.Septic abortion: Infection accompanies abortion. This may occur with spontaneous abortion but usually results from an illegal abortion

Spontaneous:Spontaneous abortion (also known as miscarriage) is the expulsion of an embryo or fetus due to accidental trauma or natural causes before approximately the 22nd week of gestation; the definition by gestational age varies by country. Most miscarriages are due to incorrect replication of chromosomes; they can also be caused by environmental factors. A pregnancy that ends before 37 weeks of gestation resulting in a live-born infant is known as a “premature birth”. When a fetus dies in utero after about 22 weeks, or during delivery, it is usually termed “stillborn”. Premature births and stillbirths are generally not considered to be miscarriages although usage of these terms can sometimes overlap.

Between 10% and 50% of pregnancies end in clinically apparent miscarriage, depending upon the age and health of the pregnant woman. Most miscarriages occur very early in pregnancy, in most cases, they occur so early in the pregnancy that the woman is not even aware that she was pregnant. One study testing hormones for ovulation and pregnancy found that 61.9% of conceptuses were lost prior to 12 weeks, and 91.7% of these losses occurred subclinically, without the knowledge of the once pregnant woman.

The risk of spontaneous abortion decreases sharply after the 10th week from the last menstrual period (LMP).One study of 232 pregnant women showed “virtually complete by the end of the embryonic period” (10 weeks LMP) with a pregnancy loss rate of only 2 percent after 8.5 weeks LMP.

The most common cause of spontaneous abortion during the first trimester is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo/fetus, accounting for at least 50% of sampled early pregnancy losses. Other causes include vascular disease (such as lupus), diabetes, other hormonal problems, infection, and abnormalities of the uterus.Advancing maternal age and a patient history of previous spontaneous abortions are the two leading factors associated with a greater risk of spontaneous abortion. A spontaneous abortion can also be caused by accidental trauma; intentional trauma or stress to cause miscarriage is considered induced abortion or feticide.
Induced

A pregnancy can be intentionally aborted in many ways. The manner selected depends chiefly upon the gestational age of the embryo or fetus, which increases in size as it ages. Specific procedures may also be selected due to legality, regional availability, and doctor-patient preference. Reasons for procuring induced abortions are typically characterized as either therapeutic or elective. An abortion is medically referred to as therapeutic when it is performed to

1.Selectively reduce the number of fetuses to lessen health risks associated with multiple pregnancy.
2.Terminate pregnancy that would result in a child born with a congenital disorder that would be fatal or associated with significant morbidity
3.Preserve the woman’s physical or mental health.
4.Save the life of the pregnant woman.
An abortion is referred to as elective when it is performed at the request of the woman for reasons other than maternal health or fetal disease.

Treatment will be prescribed according to the history, physical examination, test results, and the individual child. Treatment may be as simple as sending the child home with instructions for rest, encouraging fluids, and eating a bland diet. For serious conditions, treatment can be as extensive as hospital admission and surgery.abdominal pain who were randomly allocated to either cognitive-behavioral family intervention or standard pediatric care.Both treatment conditions resulted in significant improvements on measures of pain intensity and pain behavior.

However, the children receiving CBFI had a higher rate of complete elimination of pain, lower levels of relapse at 6 and 12 month follow-up, and lower levels of interference with their activities as a result of pain and parents reported a higher level of satisfaction with the treatment than children receiving SPC. After controlling for pretreatment levels of pain, children’s active self-coping and mothers’ caregiving strategies were significant independent predictors of pain behavior at posttreatment.The primary goal of therapy in FAP is to alleviate pain symptoms and to help the child return to normal daily activities.

Treatment should be individualized and chosen based on the severity of symptoms, the existence of comorbid psychological disorders, and the impact the disorder has on the child’s school attendance and normal functioning. Various psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, and guided imagery, have been successfully used in children with chronic abdominal pain. Pharmacologic therapies such as H2 blockers, proton-pump inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and various serotonergic drugs have been used, but good controlled trials are lacking.Some things you need to keep in mind are that you must not give an infant boiled milk or water, as these can cause serious problems with the blood volume in the body.

You can give the child soup or ginger ale instead. An upset stomach usually cannot tolerate milk, caffeine, sports drinks, and carbonated beverages, so you must avoid giving these to your child if he has diarrhea. You must consult a doctor if you child has fever and diarrhea along with the pain. Ginger is one of the best treatments for abdominal pain. You can mix ¼ teaspoon fresh ginger juice and ½ teaspoon honey and give it twice daily to treat abdominal pain, especially if caused by gases or any other problem in the stomach or intestines. Please note that ginger must not be administered to children below two years of age.

If the pain is high up in your abdomen and occurs after meals, antacids may provide some relief, especially if you feel heartburn or indigestion. Avoid citrus, high-fat foods, fried or greasy foods, tomato products, caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated beverages. You may also try H2 blockers available over the counter. If any of these medicines worsen your pain, CALL your doctor right away.AVOID aspirin, ibuprofen or other anti-inflammatory medications, and narcotic pain medications unless your health care provider prescribes them. If you know that your pain is not related to your liver, you can try acetaminophen